Unit digit of the square of 123

Here we will show you two ways of finding the unit digit of the square of 123. First, we will define what the unit digit of the square of 123 means. Next, we will find the unit digit of the square of 123 using the Rule Method, and then we will find the unit digit of the square of 123 using the Math Method.

The last digit (one digit) of the product you get when you multiply 123 by itself is the unit digit of the square of 123.

Rule Method
The unit digit of any square will never be 2, 3, 7, or 8. It can be only 0, 1, 4, 5, 6, or 9. Furthermore, the unit digit of the square of a number depends on its units digit. In other words, the unit digit of the square of 123 depends on 3, because that is the last digit in 123. Here are the rules:

Rule A) If the unit digit of a number is 0, then the unit digit of the square of that number is 0.

Rule B) If the unit digit of a number is 1 or 9, then the unit digit of the square of that number is 1.

Rule C) If the unit digit of a number is 2 or 8, then the unit digit of the square of that number is 4.

Rule D) If the unit digit of a number is 5, then the unit digit of the square of that number is 5.

Rule E) If the unit digit of a number is 4 or 6, then the unit digit of the square of that number is 6.

Rule F) If the unit digit of a number is 3 or 7, then the unit digit of the square of that number is 9.

The unit digit of 123 is 3, therefore Rule F applies, and the unit digit of the square of 123 is 9.

Unit digit of the square of 123 = 9

Math Method
The unit digit of the square of a number depends on its units digit with this method too. Here you multiply the unit digit of the number by itself, and then look at the unit digit of that product. Again, the unit digit of 123 is 3, so you multiply 3 by itself, and then look at the unit digit to get the answer once again:

3 × 3 = 9
Unit digit of 9 is 9.
Unit digit of the square of 123 = 9

Of course, instead of using either of the methods above, you can multiply 123 by itself if you have the time or a calculator, and then identify the unit digit to get the answer to the unit digit of the square of 123. We did that below to double-check that our answer is correct:

123 × 123 = 15129
Unit digit of 15129 is 9.
Unit digit of the square of 123 = 9

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